The area called Ijesaland is located in eastern part of Osun State in Southwestern Nigeria. The people living in this region are called Ijesa; they are one of several Yoruba-speaking groups and are recognized by both themselves and others as having a degree of cultural and linguistic unity and distinctiveness from other Yoruba. Ijesaland now has six local government areas, the smallest official jurisdictions in Nigeria. Local government areas usually include a number of separate communities. The region has a degree of economic unity as well, with a road network and system of marketplaces that enable distribution both within the region as well as to and from the region.

The total population of Ijesaland in 1991 is estimated at 378,925, which is about 17.2% of the population of Osun State.